Coatings in Photovoltaic Solar Energy Worldwide Research

This paper describes the characteristics of contributions that were made by researchers worldwide in the field of Solar Coating in the period 1957–2019. Scopus is used as a database and the results are processed while using bibliometric and analytical techniques. All of the documents registered in Scopus, a total of 6440 documents, have been analyzed and distributed according to thematic subcategories. Publications are analyzed from the type of publication, field of use, language, subcategory, type of newspaper, and the frequency of the keyword perspectives. English (96.8%) is the language that is most used for publications, followed by Chinese (2.6%), and the rest of the languages have a less than < 1% representation. Publications are studied by authors, affiliations, countries of origin of the authors, and H-index, which it stands out that the authors of China contribute with 3345 researchers, closely followed by the United States with 2634 and Germany with 1156. The Asian continent contributes the most, with 65% of the top 20 affiliations, and Taiwan having the most authors publishing in this subject, closely followed by Switzerland. It can be stated that research in this area is still evolving with a great international scientific contribution in improving the efficiency of solar cells

Bibliometric Maps of BIM and BIM in Universities: A Comparative Analysis

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is increasingly important in the architecture and engineering fields, and especially in the field of sustainability through the study of energy. This study performs a bibliometric study analysis of BIM publications based on the Scopus database during the whole period from 2003 to 2018. The aim was to establish a comparison of bibliometric maps of the building information model and BIM in universities. The analyzed data included 4307 records produced by a total of 10,636 distinct authors from 314 institutions. Engineering and computer science were found to be the main scientific fields involved in BIM research. Architectural design are the central theme keywords, followed by information theory and construction industry. The final stage of the study focuses on the detection of clusters in which global research in this field is grouped. The main clusters found were those related to the BIM cycle, including construction management, documentation and analysis, architecture and design, construction/fabrication, and operation and maintenance (related to energy or sustainability). However, the clusters of the last phases such as demolition and renovation are not present, which indicates that this field suntil needs to be further developed and researched. With regard to the evolution of research, it has been observed how information technologies have been integrated over the entire spectrum of internet of things (IoT). A final key factor in the implementation of the BIM is its inclusion in the curriculum of technical careers related to areas of construction such as civil engineering or architecture

La formación educativa de la mujer en el Líbano: lecciones para Oriente Medio

Resumen basado en el de la publicaciónSe analiza el sistema educativo en el Líbano, sus componentes y el proceso exitoso de la integración de la mujer en los últimos 15 años. Se analiza el diseño del sistema educativo desde la fundación de las instituciones educativas libanesas, empezando con las escuelas extranjeras para llegar a la expansión de las escuelas públicas donde se necesita mejorar la educación pública de calidad. Respecto al analfabetismo, los datos son prometedores comparados con los países de su entorno. Se revela que la presencia de la mujer está siendo más relevante en el sistema educativo a partir de las primeras etapas y se vuelve más dominante poniéndose de manifiesto que la mejor manera de ofrecer un futuro a las mujeres de oriente medio y las del Líbano en particular, es a través de la mejora del puente educativo y cultural entre el Líbano y el resto del mundo, y para ello la implantación del bilingüismo juega una papel clave.ES

Magnetómetro para medida de campos electromagnéticos débiles en la banda ELF

Número de publicación: ES2557702 A1 (27.01.2016) Número de Solicitud: Consulta de Expedientes OEPM (C.E.O.) P201400462 (28.05.2014)La invención comprende un sistema para la medición de campos electromagnéticos débiles, en la banda de frecuencias comprendida entre 1 a 100 Hz, donde se localizan señales derivadas de la resonancia natural que ocurre entre la tierra y la ionosfera, las resonancias de Schumann. El sistema está compuesto por un núcleo de material ferromagnético (1) y un conjunto de bobinas separadas entre sí (2), conectadas mediante cables unifilares (8). Un cable de par trenzado (3) conecta el sensor a un sistema electrónico de medida (4) compuesto por un amplificador diferencial (5) al que se acoplan cada par trenzado, en una bifurcación coaxial con las mallas comunes (20), (21) mediante conectores coaxiales (22), (23) y con salida a un convertidor analógico digital (6). La geometría, estructura y materiales del sistema, le confieren sus propiedades de sensibilidad y ancho de banda.Universidad de Almerí

Unidad Cifradora/Descifradora de Mensajes con información digital, Sistema y Método de Cifrado/Descifrado para Comunicaciones Digitales en Tiempo Real

Número de publicación: ES2272130 A1 (16.04.2007) También publicado como: ES2272130 B1 (16.03.2008) Número de Solicitud: Consulta de Expedientes OEPM (C.E.O.) P200402603 (28.10.2004)La invención consiste en un sistema implementado en un microcontrolador o FPGA que cifra y descifra la información mediante un algoritmo de cifrado simétrico basado en una tabla de claves que es recorrida usando un generador de filtro no lineal, produciendo de esta forma una secuencia cifrante que es operada mediante una operación XOR bit a bit dando lugar de este modo palabras de mensaje cifrado o mensaje en claro, dependiendo de si la entrada es el mensaje en claro o el mensaje cifrado respectivamente y mediante la cual, un mismo mensaje puede ser cifrado de muy diferentes formas, dependiendo del momento en el que se cifra.Universidad de Almerí

Sistema y método de transmisión de datos entre una unidad móvil y una unidad receptora

Número de publicación: ES2253080 A1 (16.05.2006) También publicado como: ES2253080 B1 (16.07.2007) Número de Solicitud: Consulta de Expedientes OEPM (C.E.O.) P200401499 (18.06.2004)La invención se refiere a un método y sistema para transmitir datos entre una unidad móvil (1) y una unidad receptora (2), a través de una red (3) asociada a nodos de repetición (31) que reciben los datos, en forma de paquetes, desde la unidad móvil y los transmiten hasta la unidad receptora (2), que está configurada para descartar paquetes que se reciben de forma repetida, mediante el control de un identificador único asociado a cada paquete. Para mayor seguridad en cuanto a cobertura, se puede completar la posibilidad de transmisión vía los nodos de repetición con una forma alternativa de transmitir los datos, por ejemplo, vía GPRS.Universidad de Almerí

A Simplified Method to Avoid Shadows at Parabolic-Trough Solar Collectors Facilities

Renewable energy today is no longer just an affordable alternative, but a requirement for mitigating global environmental problems such as climate change. Among renewable energies, the use of solar energy is one of the most widespread. Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) systems, however, is not yet fully widespread despite having demonstrated great efficiency, mainly thanks to parabolic-trough collector (PTC) technology, both on a large scale and on a small scale for heating water in industry. One of the main drawbacks to this energy solution is the large size of the facilities. For this purpose, several models have been developed to avoid shadowing between the PTC lines as much as possible. In this study, the classic shadowing models between the PTC rows are reviewed. One of the major challenges is that they are studied geometrically as a fixed installation, while they are moving facilities, as they have a tracking movement of the sun. In this work, a new model is proposed to avoid shadowing by taking into account the movement of the facilities depending on their latitude. Secondly, the model is tested to an existing facility as a real case study located in southern Spain. The model is applied to the main existing installations in the northern hemisphere, thus showing the usefulness of the model for any PTC installation in the world. The shadow projected by a standard, the PTC (S) has been obtained by means of a polynomial approximation as a function of the latitude (Lat) given by S = 0.001 − Lat2 + 0.0121 − Lat + 10.9 with R2 of 99.8%. Finally, the model has been simplified to obtain in the standard case the shadows in the running time of a PTC facility

Energies and Its Worldwide Research

Energy efficiency and management is certainly one of the key drivers of human progress. Thus, the trends in the energy research are a topic of interest for the scientific community. The aim of this study is to highlight global research trends in this field through the analysis of a scientific journal indexed exclusively in the energy and fuels category. For this purpose, a journal has been selected that is in the center of the category considering its impact factor, which is only indexed in this category and of open access, Energies of the publisher MDPI. Therefore, a bibliometric analysis of all the contents of the journal between 2008 and 2020, 13,740 documents published, has been carried out. Analyzing the articles that are linked to each other by their citations, 14 clusters or research topics have been detected: smart grids; climate change–electric energy community; energy storage; bioenergy sources; prediction algorithms applied to power; optimization of the grid link for renewable energy; wind power; sustainability of power systems; hydrocarbon improvements; conversion of thermal/electrical energy; electric motor advancements; marine renewable energy; hydropower and energy storage; and preventive techniques in power transformers. The main keywords found were electric vehicle, renewable energy, microgrid, smart grid, and energy efficiency. In short, energy research remains necessary to meet the future challenge of sustainable energy with high efficiency and the exploration of new renewable resources, all for increasingly sustainable cities

Advances in Solar Energy towards Efficient and Sustainable Energy

Conventional energy resources are not climate sustainable. Currently, engineers and scientists are looking for sustainable energy solutions influenced by climate change. A wide variety of sustainable natural energy resources are available, but they require technical solutions for their implementation. The general trend in energy research is based on renewable resources, amongst which solar energy stands out, being the most mature and widely accepted. In this paper, the current state of the sustainable energy system has been analysed. The main purpose is to provide additional context to assess future scenarios. The study of past contributions allows sustainability planning and increasing the welfare of future society. The aim is to highlight global trends in research on sustainable solar energy from 1995 to 2020 through a bibliometric analysis of 4260 publications. According to their linkages, the analysed articles are distributed in nine clusters: Sustainability assessment, Sustainable energy solutions, Environmental payback time analysis, Sustainability of solar energy in different scenarios, Environmental sustainability, Solar energy applications, Sustainable energy optimisation, Energy transition and Energy and sustainable scenarios. The most repeated keywords are Sustainability, Renewable energy, and Solar energy. Energy research and the exploration of new renewable solar resources are still necessary to meet sustainable energy’s future challenges

Sistema de telemetría para la transmisión de datos desde ambulancia

: Actualmente el traslado de pacientes críticos se lleva a cabo mediante un centro de coordinación entre la atención extrahospitalaria y la atención hospitalaria. Las modernas tecnologías de comunicaciones inalámbricas ofrecen la posibilidad de perfeccionar algunos sistemas en el marco de la medicina crítica (urgencias y emergencias), que bajo estas situaciones son muchas las ocasiones en las que se requiere exploraciones complementarias. El sistema de telemetría desarrollado en este trabajo contempla la comunicación en tiempo real de la bioquímica sanguínea del paciente que en determinadas condiciones y ante una fundada sospecha clínica basada en una anamnesia y exploración física adecuadas requieren de este tipo de pruebas diagnósticas para una mejor valoración del estado del paciente. Esto permite mejorar la asistencia en todo momento y la preparación de todos los recursos necesarios y adecuados para la rápida, correcta y eficaz recepción y atención del paciente en el hospital sin coste adicional, ya que igualmente se requerirían estas pruebas en el hospital. Este sistema permite la detección precoz de afecciones que ponen en riesgo inminente la vida de un paciente. Los resultados de las pruebas constata el interés de este nuevo servicio